(The Study of Threes)
http://threesology.org
http://forum.facmedicine.com/pathology-pathophysiology/8518-diagnostic-triads-medical-science.html
wernicke triad: -
1)Confusion
2)Opthalmoplegia
3)Ataxia
whipples triad: -
1)Hypoglycemic symptomp
2)Glucose infusion
3)Rapid recovery
Virchow triad:-
1)Hypercoagulability
2)Endothelial injury
3)Stasis
charcot's triad :-
1)fever
2)pain
3)jaudice
Wiskott-aldrich triad: -
1)Infection
2)purpura
3)Eczema
Horner syndrome triad: -
1)Ptosis
2)Anhydrosis
3)Miosis
Measles prodromal triad: -
1)Cough
2)Coryza
3)Conjuctivitis
Beck's triad: -
1)Kussamauls sign
2)Pulsus paradoxus
3)Muffled heart sound{pericardial effusion}
Alport Syndrome: -
1- Sensorineural deafness
2- Progressive renal failure
3- Ocular anomalies
Hypernephroma: -
1- Pain
2- Hematuria
3- Renal mass
Parkinsonism: -
1- Rigidity
2- Tremor
3- Hypokinasia
Hemolytic uremic syndrome: -
1- hemolytic anemia
2- thrombocytopenia
3- ARF
Henoch scholein purpura: -
1- purpura
2- abdominal pain
3- arthritis
--- Triads in Ophthalmology ---
http://www.eophtha.com/eophtha/triads.html
Triads in Ophthalmology
BÁLINT'S SYNDROME is loosely associated with a triad of visuospatial dysfunctions: simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular motor apraxia
BEHÇET'S DISEASE was initially described by Behçet in 1937 as a triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and hypopyon uveitis.
CEREBRAL WHIPPLE'S DISEASE includes a triad of somnolence, dementia and ophthalmoplegia.
CONE DEGENERATION includes the hallmark triad of progressive central acuity loss, color vision disturbances and photophobia.
CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA includes the commonly described triad of epiphora, blepharospasm and photophobia.
CONGENITAL RUBELLA RETINOPATHY includes the triad of cataracts, deafness and congenital heart disease which was first described by Gregg in 1941
CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS includes the classic triad of retinochoroiditis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications although other signs such as fever, rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and seizures may occur if the infection is acquired earlier than the third trimester.
DE MORSIER'S SYNDROME, the congenital syndrome of septo-optic dysplasia includes the clinical triad of short stature, nystagmus and optic disc hypoplasia.
FECHTNER'S SYNDROME includes triad of nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss and eye abnormalities
GAUCHER DISEASE, classic Gaucher triad consists of trismus, strabismus, and opisthotonus.
HORNER'S SYNDROME includes classic triad of ptosis, miosis and ipsilateral anhidrosis of the face
INTRAOPERATIVE FLOPPY IRIS SYNDROME described by John Campbell and David F. Chang in 2005 which includes the triad by a flaccid iris stroma that undulates and billows in response to ordinary intraocular fluid currents, a propensity for the floppy iris stroma to prolapse toward the phaco and side-port incisions, despite proper wound construction and progressive intraoperative pupil constriction despite standard preoperative pharmacologic measures designed to maximize dilation (topical cycloplegics, phenylephrine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications).
KEARNS–SAYRE SYNDROME includes the triad of external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac conduction block during the first or second decade of life
LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME includes triad of muscle weakness, autonomic dysfunction and hyporeflexia
MILLER-FISHER SYNDROME consists of the triad of ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and areflexia. It is described as a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
OCULAR ISCHEMIC SYNDROME includes the classic triad includes mid-peripheral dot hemorrhages, dilated retinal veins and iris neovascularization.
OCULAR TILT REACTION consists of the triad of skew deviation, cyclotorsion of both eyes and paradoxical head tilt, all to the same side—that of the lower eye
OPTIC NERVE SHEATH MENINGIOMA are characterized by the clinical triad of the presence of optociliary venous shunts on the disc, when accompanied by diffuse disc edema (eventually replaced slowly by pallor) and insidious visual loss
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA originally described late in the 18th century, osteogenesis imperfecta (Van der Hoeve's syndrome, brittle bone disease) was not well described as a clinical syndrome until 1918 by Van der Hoeve. The syndrome includes triad of brittle bones, blue scleras and deafness (otosclerosis).
PHARYNGOCONJUNCTIVAL FEVER by Adenoviruses sometimes produces the classic triad of fever, pharyngitis and acute follicular conjunctivitis.
PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME includes the diagnostic triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft palate.
PIGMENTARY GLAUCOMA includes the classic triad consists of corneal pigmentation (Krukenberg's spindle); slit-like, radial, midperipheral iris transillumination defects; and heavy accumulation of pigment in the trabecular meshwork.
PRESUMED OCULAR HISTOPLASMOSIS SYNDROME includes the triad: peripapillary atrophy, “punched-out” chorioretinal lesions and disciform macular scarring in young and middle-aged adults.
REITER'S SYNDROME was originally described by the classic triad of arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis. In 1981, the American Rheumatism Association expanded this original set of criteria.
SCHWARTZ'S SYNDROME includes the triad of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, uveitis and glaucoma
SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME Sjögren's syndrome originally was described as a triad of dry eyes, dry mouth, and Arthritis (dry joints). It subsequently has become apparent that Sjögren's syndrome may coexist with a variety of other connective tissue diseases
SPASMUS NUTANS occurs in the first year of life and includes triad of pendular nystagmus, head nodding and torticollis.
STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME includes the triad of port wine facial telangiectasis (nevus flammeus) in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve that respects the vertical midline, ipsilateral glaucoma(ipsilateral buphthalmos)and contralateral seizures caused by ipsilateral leptomeningeal hemangiomatosis.
UGH SYNDROME— an IOL-related inflammation which involves the triad of uveitis, glaucoma and hyphema. UGH syndrome occurred more frequently in the 1970s, when iris-fixed lenses were commonly used.
Triads ...from Anatomy
The rod and cone terminals are organized as invaginating synapses, termed triads, each containing a single presynaptic ribbon, two lateral processes from horizontal cells, and a single central process from a bipolar cell. Each rod spherule contains a single triad; each cone pedicle contains several triads.
Bibliography:
Yanoff & Duker: Ophthalmology, 3rd ed.
Tasman, William; Jaeger, Edward A. :Duane's Ophthalmology, 2008 Edition
http://www.rxpgonline.com/article1699.html
Posted on Wednesday, March 08 @ 08:13:45 IST by RxPG
This is only pooling of matter collected from nagging question forums. I have to duly acknowledge Dr. Nidhi et al who actually contributed them. They were pooled for the convenience of readers as they were scattered all through out the thread. Though Partha pooled it there itself it wasn’t organized. So I thought this would help.
Triad of Alports Syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Progressive renal failure
Ocular anomalies
Triad of Behcet's Syndrome
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis
[mnemonic: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t eat spicy curry]
Beck’s Triad
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Charcot’s Triad
Pain + fever + jaundice
Gradenigos Triad
Sixth cranial nerve Palsy
Persistent ear discharge
Deep seated retro orbital pain
Triad of Hypernephroma
Pain + hematuria + renal mass
Hutchinson’s Triad
Hutchison's teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness
Triad of Kwashiorkar
Growth retardation
Mental changes
Edema
Saint's Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia
Trotter's Triad
Conductive deafness
Immobility of homolateral soft palate
Trigeminal neuralgia
Virchow’s Triad
Stasis
Hypercoagulabilty
Vessel injury
Whipple’s Triad
Hypoglycaemia during attacks (Sugar glucose 10%)
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Lytic bone lesions
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Fanconi Syndrome Triad
Aminoaciduria
Proteinuria
Phosphaturia
Tetany in Children - Triad
Stridor
Carpopedalspasm
Convulsions
Alkaptonuria Triad
Ochronotic arthritis
Ochronotic pigmentation
Urine darkens on standing
Anderson Triad
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A deficiency
Triad of Albinism
Black locks
Occulo-cutaneous Albinism
Deafness of sensorineural type
[mnemonic: BADS]
Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency
Glossitis
Alopecia
Dermatitis
Triple Test
Estimation of hcg,
Estriol,
and AFP
(for diagnosis of downs syndrome)
O’ Donoghue Triad -twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint causes injury to:
Medial collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial meniscus
Congestive Heart Failure Triad
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Tender hepatomegaly
Cushing Triad of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Bradycardia
Bradypnea
Hypertension
Hemobilia - Triad (Triad of Sandblom)
Malena
Obstructive jaundice
Biliary colic
[mnemonic: MOB]
Kartagener’s Syndrome Triad
Triad of bronchiectasis
Recurrent sinusitis, and
Situs inversus
This list was originally summarised from the discussion threads at http://www.rxpgonline.com/tc-triad.html
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/dict.aspx
| Triad (redirected from Triads) |
/tri·ad/ (tri´ad)
any trivalent element.
a group of three associated entities or objects.
Beck's triad = rising venous pressure, falling arterial pressure, and small quiet heart; characteristic of cardiac compression.
Currarino's triad = a complex of congenital anomalies in the anococcygeal region, in varying combinations and degrees, with scimitar sacrum; presacral anterior meningocele, teratoma or cyst; and rectal malformations.
Hutchinson's triad = diffuse interstitial keratitis, labyrinthine disease, and Hutchinson's teeth, seen in congenital syphilis.
Saint's triad = hiatus hernia, colonic diverticula, and cholelithiasis.
Dorland
| tri ad n.
|
Hm_med
triad
[tri'?d]
Etymology: Gk, trias, three
...a combination of three, such as two parents and a child.
Mosby MD
Triad
[tri´ad]- an element with a valence of three.
- a group of three similar bodies, or a complex composed of three items or units.
Acute compression triad Beck's triad.
Andersen's triad Andersen's syndrome.
Beck's triad rising venous pressure, falling arterial pressure, and small quiet heart; characteristic of cardiac compression; called also acute compression triad.
Cushing's triad decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and a widening pulse pressure associated with increased intracranial pressure; it is a late clinical sign and may indicate brainstem herniation.
Hutchinson's triad diffuse interstitial keratitis, labyrinthine disease, and Hutchinson's teeth, seen in congenital syphilis.
Saint's triad hiatus hernia, colonic diverticula, and cholelithiasis.
Miller Keane
Triad
- an element with a valence of three.
- a group of three similar bodies, or a complex composed of three items or units.
Triad's of the tarsus: = the various combinations of (usually three) injuries that occur in trauma to the hock joint, based first on injury to the central tarsal bone.
Virchow's triad: = see Virchow's triad.
Whipple's triad: = see Whipple's triad.
Vet
Triad: A trilogy of clinical or pathologic findings, first described as typical for a particular disease, which often prove to be nonspecific. See Asthma triad, Autonomic triad, Behçet's triad, Carney's triad, Christian's triad, Charcot's triad, Epidemiologic triad, Female athlete triad, Hemochromatosis triad, Lennox's triad, Negative triad, Petit's triad, Renal cell carcinoma triad, Saint's triad, Somatostatinoma triad, Toxoplasmosis triad, Trotter's triad, Virchow's triad, Waterhouse-Friderichsen triad, Whipple's triad, Wilson's triad.
Herb O. Buckland
herbobuckland@hotmail.com